Integrated Geophysical Investigation for Embankment Stability Analysis in Comacchio Valley (FE), Italy

Embankment stability is a key concern for flood-prone regions, especially under the pressure of climate change. This study focuses on a levee section near Ponte Lanzoni (Comacchio, Ferrara), a site located below sea level and highly vulnerable to flooding and phenomena such as “fontanazzi.”. In 2024, an integrated geophysical survey was conducted to identify subsurface heterogeneities that may compromise structural integrity. We combined active seismic (P- and S-wave reflection and tomography), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) to investigate material properties and internal geometries. The results revealed complex stratigraphy including paleo-channels and zones of varying consolidation and saturation, which may promote internal erosion. A multi-parameter clustering based on seismic velocities and resistivity models identified zones with consistent physical properties, aiding in the interpretation of potentially permeable or saturated materials. These results provide a detailed picture of the embankment’s internal structure and inform future reinforcement strategies. This integrated approach demonstrates how high-resolution geophysical methods can support risk assessment and enhance flood resilience in vulnerable lowland areas.