Updated insights into the Isonzo River (NE Italy) flow rate in the 1998-2022 period

This study investigates the seasonal and inter-annual flow rate variability of the lower course of the Isonzo River during the 1998-2022 period. Expanding upon a previous study focused on the gauging stations of Solkan (Slovenia) and Turriaco (Italy) spanning from 1998 to 2005, data of the 2006-2022 period are added and the gauging station network is broadened to include those of Gorizia, Gradisca d'Isonzo, and Pieris with data from 1998 to 2022. The investigation further incorporates Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data from near the river mouth (2015-2022). Flow rates were calculated from hydrometric heights downstream of Solkan and were studied to provide a comprehensive spatiotemporal overview of the river flow and novel insights into flow propagation between stations. This integrated information will potentially be useful for the calibration and validation of models and could orient future research in this study area.